Additional material for tutors

Before the event starts, you should copy the google doc to enter the participant’s results here (File -> make a copy).

Call your copy somehow that it relates to your event today. Ensure that only the copy is altered by the participants! Ask the website administrator (bonn@teilchenwelt.de) to enter the new google docs link on this website.

• 30min: Introductory talk (link here, talk 01 slides roughly start-88):
  • Why particle physics?
  • What is the Standard Model?
  • How are particles produced and how is this related to the R value?
• 45-60min: Participants do work sheet to learn about the R value
  • Solution here
• 15min: Coffee break
• 10min: Continue introductory talk (slides 89-end):
  • Why is the Standard Model not complete yet?
• 20min: Detector talk (link here, talk 02 slides start – 55):
  • How do we accelerate particles (interactively: Ask participants how they’d do it -> electric fields -> how do we achieve more? -> stronger fields -> limitation? -> sparkover -> better ideas? -> circular collider -> how? -> magnets, Lorentz force.)
  • Particles decay. How do we measure particles? How is the Belle II detector working?
• 10min: interactive Kahoot quiz 1 (link here)
  • Recently, kahoot changed its free availability to 20 participants maximal! So depending on the size of your group, you can do several breakout rooms with 20 participants or let them answer the questions in groups of two or so (the first is recommended). You may need to have a “student” type account in Kahoot to be able to have access to these 20 players. If you have a “teacher” type account, you have to pay even for less participants.
• 30-45min: Lunch break
• 15min: Introduction to analysis (link here, talk 02 slides 55 – end ):
  • What are the different types of processes that are produced at Belle II?
  • What are the characteristic properties of the different processes (e+e-, mu+mu-, tau+tau-, light quark-antiquarks, b-/anti-b-quarks)?
  • Why don’t we use e+e- and b-/anti-b-quarks for our R value calculation? (bhabha scattering, not just e+e- annihilation, so enhanced cross section, running on Upsilon(4S) resonance, so also artificially enhanced cross section for B-mesons)?
  • Concept of “missing energy” in the collision center (aka missing mass squared) and “straightness” (aka FoxWolframR2)
  • Usage of stopmotion videos here to visually show the characteristics of the different processes (also available here, on youtube and on this website: examples events)
• 20min: Practice exercise
  
  • Participants should solve the 12 practice exercises. For that, they can already work in groups of two. The first one should maybe be done in the full audience. Give them some time so solve the next few, quickly start to discuss and explain practice event 2 and 3. The quick participants should explain it.
  • Ensure that every participant gets the concept here. They need to understand it for the main task.
  • Especially the quiet participants need to understand it as well.
  • Take your time here, there are more participants than expected that don’t understand it yet. (almost) everybody should explain one of the practice events in the end. Ask for their understanding (“Okay, mu+mu- is correct here. Why isn’t it tau+tau-?” etc)
• 15min: Coffee break
• 25min: Main task
  
  • In groups of two, participants should solve one dataset each. You should distribute the datasets (numbered by letters A-Z, additional ones are available for international masterclasses [A2-N2]). In case of international masterclasses, talk to the other simultaneous groups who works on which datasets. The participants enter their results in the google doc that you prepared before.
  • Each dataset consists of 50 events. The quick participants will be able to classify these quiet quickly, like in 15min or so. If they want, you could give them an additional dataset afterwards (more statistics increases your result significantly). Otherwise, they can have a break.
  • The very quick groups can also calculate their R value of their dataset on their own. Do they remember how to do it? Can they deduce the number of quark colors from that?
  • Walk through the lines and look over the shoulder of the different participants. You can also check their progress online in the google doc that they work with.
  • Ensure that everybody is making progress and that everybody gets the essentials to do so.
• 10min: Discussion of the results.
  • You present the results and plots. For that, you can scroll to the right on the result entering google doc (-> “Quark colors”). You’ll find the summarized number of processes and the deduced number of quark colors per group and in total.
  • Show participants the importantce of statistics and uncertainties. Individual groups will have values that deviade from 3 quite a lot. Usually, their error is also large, though. The combination will be much closer to 3 and will have a much smaller uncertainty.
  • This will be even better in international masterclasses, in which you can combine these results with other locations.
• 5min: What does it mean to have three colors?
  • quark color game (link here)
  • Essentially tell participants that they see a color wheel above for colors and anticolors. They can drag and drop the colored quarks below and they should simply find all different possible combinations to get white (no need to combine all quarks that are present in the game) relatively quickly as for the different combinations and interprete those: red-blue-green: three colors, so three quarks: These are baryons, i.e. protons, neutrons etc. yellow-turqoise-pink: These are three anti-quarks, so e.g. an anti-proton. red-yellow: quark-antiquark, so this is a meson, blue-anti-blue: …
• 10min: interactive Kahoot quiz 2 (link here)
  • Recently, kahoot changed its free availability to 20 participants maximal! So depending on the size of your group, you can do several breakout rooms with 20 participants or let them answer the questions in groups of two or so (the first is recommended). You may need to have a “student” type account in Kahoot to be able to have access to these 20 players. If you have a “teacher” type account, you have to pay even for less participants.

In total this accounts for 4h10min to 4h40min. To be flexible, you should plan with 5, better 6 hours, though. Best case, everybody is happy when it’s already finished after 5h30min. But as outlined above, it is possible to squeeze in even more into these 6 hours (like an international video conference with the Belle II control room or so). Moreover, you have plenty of time to make the presentation interactive, to ask participants to answer questions, to motivate them to ask questions to you etc.